Urology is a medical specialty that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of conditions affecting the urinary tract—including the kidneys, bladder, ureters, and urethra—as well as the male reproductive system, addressing issues like kidney stones, prostate enlargement, urinary infections, and urologic cancers through both surgical and non-surgical methods.
Transplantation, particularly renal transplantation, involves surgically placing a healthy kidney from a living or deceased donor into a patient with end-stage kidney disease, supported by pre-transplant evaluations, immunosuppressive therapy to prevent rejection, and ongoing post-operative care to ensure long-term organ function and patient well-being.